Queen Jindeok is known as the second queen in Silla history, renowned for her exceptional leadership and political abilities. Let me introduce her life and major achievements.
Birth and Family Background
Queen Jindeok's exact birth year is not recorded, but it is presumed that she was over middle age when she ascended to the throne. Her father was Gukban Galmunwang, the son of Dongryun, the crown prince of King Jinheung, and her mother was Lady Wolmyeong of the Park clan. Queen Jindeok was the niece of King Jinpyeong and the cousin of Queen Seondeok.
Ascension and Early Reign
Queen Jindeok ascended to the throne in 647, following the will of her cousin, Queen Seondeok. At that time, Silla was in turmoil due to the rebellion led by Bidam. Records indicate that Queen Jindeok, with the support of Kim Chunchu and Kim Yushin, successfully quelled the rebellion within nine days of her ascension, thereby strengthening royal authority. However, it is viewed that her ascension was symbolic to maintain the legitimacy of the royal bloodline, with real power held by Kim Chunchu and Kim Yushin.
Diplomatic Crisis and the Silla-Tang Alliance
Queen Jindeok pursued political reforms to stabilize the country, but Baekje invaded Silla. Despite Kim Yushin's efforts to resist, Silla struggled against Baekje's continuous attacks and faced further threats when Goguryeo joined the attack, putting Silla in a dire situation. In 648, to counter the pressure from Goguryeo and Baekje, Queen Jindeok sent Kim Chunchu as an envoy to the Tang Dynasty to request military support. This led to the formation of the Silla-Tang Alliance, and with Tang's military support, Silla overcame the crisis.
Embracing Chinese Culture and Strengthening Internal Affairs
Queen Jindeok worked to maintain close diplomatic relations with the Tang Dynasty and made efforts to strengthen Silla through internal reforms.
In spring 649, she adopted Chinese clothing and headgear.
In June 650, she stopped using the independent era name "Taehwa" and adopted the Tang era name "Yonghui."
In June 650, following the death of Tang Taizong and the accession of Tang Gaozong, she sent Kim Chunchu's son Beopmin as an envoy and presented the poem "Taepyeongsong."
In spring 651, she renamed the Ministry of Revenue to the Ministry of State Affairs.
Short Reign
Queen Jindeok passed away in March 654. Upon hearing the news, Tang Gaozong expressed his condolences at Yeonggwangmun and sent Zhang Wenshou as an envoy to offer condolences. The records indicate that Tang's recognition of her achievements and importance was high, as she was given the title "Gaebui-dongsamsa" and presented with 300 pieces of silk, a title and gift only given to high-ranking officials.
Queen Jindeok greatly contributed to stabilizing and developing Silla diplomatically, militarily, and politically. She is also significant for being at the turning point of the Silla royal bloodline.
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